A Revealing Statistic about Who is Responsible for Killing Civilians in Syria

 

The latest findings of the Syrian Network for Human Rights for the period from March 2011 to June 2021

 

An Article (with four Charts) by Michael Pröbsting, International Secretary of the Revolutionary Communist International Tendency (RCIT), 2 July 2021, www.thecommunists.net

 

 

 

The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) is a widely respected NGO which regularly reports about the devastating consequences of the war and repression in Syria. Every year, it publishes its calculations about the horrific civilian death toll (including children) in the Syrian civil war. We did already report in the past about the revealing findings of the SNHR. [1] At this point, we will summarize the results of the latest SNHR report, which it published a few days ago.

 

Once more, the figures of the SNHR research are both shattering as well as revealing. According to the SNHR a total of 227,781 civilians have been killed between March 2011 and June 2021. Among them are 29,520 children. (See the charts below.)

 

The findings show very clear who is – by far – the main culprit for these killings: It is the Assad regime and its Iranian allies. They alone have killed 200,117 civilians in this period, this is 87.86% of all the total civilian death toll. Add to these 6,867 civilians killed by the Russian Air Force (3.01%) and it becomes evident that the Assad tyranny and its Russian-Iranian backers are responsible for 9 out of 10 civilian death.

 

The following actors are responsible for the other civilian death: Daesh/ISIS (2.21%), Syrian National Army / Opposition forces (1.83%), US-led Coalition (1.34%), SDF/PYD (0.56%), and Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham (0.22%). The rest have been killed by “other parties” which means that those responsible are not know.

 

We see the same picture when it comes to children. Of the 29,520 children who have been counted as dead, more than ¾ (77.53%) have been murdered by the butchers of Assad and the Mullahs. 6.79% have been killed by Russian bombs. For the other victims, the following actors are responsible: Syrian National Army / Opposition forces (3.36%), Daesh/ISIS (3.25%), US-led Coalition (3.13%), SDF/PYD (0.79%), and Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham (0.24%). The rest has been killed by unknown parties.

 

If we take the year 2020 alone, we see broadly a similar picture. The main difference is that the number of people killed by unknown parties is much larger. At the same time, Daesh/ISIS is responsible for less death as it has become much weaker because of its devastating defeats in the past years. But the massive imbalance between the civilians (including children) killed by the regime and its masters, on one hand, and the other actors, remains the same. (See the charts below)

 

These figures reveal very clearly who are the real terrorists in Syria. Since the beginning of the Syrian Revolution in March 2011, reactionary Stalinists and Castro-Chavistas have denounced the heroic Syrian rebels as “terrorists” and “jihadists”. They did so in order to justify their shamefully support for the Assad tyranny and Russian imperialism. [2] However, as the figures of the SNHR report demonstrate, it is the mercenaries of Assad, Putin and Khamenei – not the “jihadists” – who slaughter nearly all civilians (including children)!

 

 

 

A regime without popular support against revolutionaries with a popular base

 

 

 

However, it is important to understand the political rational behind this horrible development. The reason is not primarily because the Assad-Iranian-Russian forces are full of serial killers. No doubt, there are many in the ranks of the regime (but there are also many innocent youths who have been pressed into service). The main reason for this extreme imbalance where one camp is responsible for nearly all civilian death toll is the concrete character of the war. This is not a civil war between two reactionary camps. This is a civil war where one camp (Assad-Iran-Russia) wages a reactionary war of aggression against the Syrian people while the revolutionaries defend the people, i.e. they wage a legitimate liberation war.

 

The Assad-Iranian-Russian forces are determined to kill many innocent civilians because the mass of the people support the rebels. So, their calculation is to demoralize the supporting base of the liberation forces by slaughtering indiscriminately civilians. In contrast, the Syrian revolutionaries have no reason to deliberately target civilians because most of the people support them. Of course, we can not exclude that members of the liberation forces committed a crime in one or the other case. But there is no systematic policy of targeting civilians – in contrast to the Assadist butchers who first and foremost slaughter innocent women, men and children!

 

 

 

The “terrorists” and the terrorists

 

 

 

Finally, two observations. First, as it is well known the movement of Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) has been designated since years as a “terrorist organization” not only by Russia but also by Western imperialism. Consequently, a shiver run down the spine of most Western and pro-Russian leftists when they only hear the name “HTS”. They all agree that if there are terrorists in Syria, it is the HTS in Idlib.

 

The RCIT has always denounced such a reactionary slander. [3] While we lend no political support to this organization which we characterize as petty-bourgeois Islamist, we recognize that they have become the dominant force leading the ongoing liberation struggle in Idlib. Reflecting their broad popular support, the figures of the SNHR show very clearly that HTS is the force among all actors which is responsible for the lowest number of civilian deaths! As the charts indicates, the Kurdish PYD/YPG – the darling of the reformist and centrist pseudo-left – has been responsible for substantially more civilian deaths than the “jihadist” HTS!

 

Secondly, it is also noteworthy that the US-led Coalition has killed nearly exactly the same number of children as Daesh/ISIS did. In other words, the terrorists don’t kill more children than those forces which supposedly intervene in Syria in order to combat these terrorists. This is all the more remarkable because Daesh/ISIS – which we consider as an utterly reactionary force – has operated for a longer period in Syria than the US-led Coalition! You see, “terror” and imperialist “war against terror” often are not much different!

 

We conclude by emphasizing, once more, that all socialist, democratic and righteous forces in Syria and around the world must continue their support for glorious Syrian Revolution. The RCIT calls all similar-minded organizations and activists to join forces in fighting for this sacred goal!

 

 

 

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The RCIT has published a number of booklets, statements and articles on the Syrian Revolution which can be read on a special sub-section on our website: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/collection-of-articles-on-the-syrian-revolution/. In particular we refer readers to the RCIT call Save the Syrian Revolution!. https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/call-save-the-syrian-revolution/.

 

 

 

 


 



[1] Michael Pröbsting: Syria: Who is Responsible for the Civilian Death Toll from March 2011 to September 2018? A Revealing Statistic Shows Who are the Real Terrorists in the Syrian Civil War, 10.10.2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/syria-who-is-responsible-for-the-civilian-death-toll-from-march-2011-to-september-2018/

[2] The RCIT has published various documents dealing with the approach of the so-called left to the Syrian Revolution. See e.g. two pamphlets by Michael Pröbsting: Is the Syrian Revolution at its End? Is Third Camp Abstentionism Justified? An essay on the organs of popular power in the liberated area of Syria, on the character of the different sectors of the Syrian rebels, and on the failure of those leftists who deserted the Syrian Revolution, 5 April 2017, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/syrian-revolution-not-dead/; Syria and Great Power Rivalry: The Failure of the „Left“. The bleeding Syrian Revolution and the recent Escalation of Inter-Imperialist Rivalry between the US and Russia – A Marxist Critique of Social Democracy, Stalinism and Centrism, 21 April 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/syria-great-power-rivalry-and-the-failure-of-the-left/. See also by the same author: Assad’s “Socialist“ Friends. A commentary on a shameful statement of U.S. “anti-war” groups, 26 April 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/assad-s-socialist-friends/; Stalinism: Assad’s Best Friends Forever. A commentary on a joint international initiative of Stalinist parties, 3 July 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/stalinism-is-assad-s-best-friends-forever/

[3] For our characterization of HTS see e.g. RCIT: Denounce the US terror listing of Syria’s Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham! The Trump Administration delivers another blow to the Syrian Revolution. Continue the Solidarity with the liberation struggle of the Syrian people! 03.06.2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/denounce-the-us-terror-listing-of-syria-s-hts/; Michael Pröbsting: Is the Syrian Revolution at its End? Is Third Camp Abstentionism Justified? An essay on the organs of popular power in the liberated area of Syria, on the character of the different sectors of the Syrian rebels, and on the failure of those leftists who deserted the Syrian Revolution, 5 April 2017, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/syrian-revolution-not-dead/; Michael Pröbsting: World Perspectives 2018: A World Pregnant with Wars and Popular Uprisings, February 2018, Chapter V, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/worldperspectives-2018/chapter-v/.

[4] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 14 June 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/06/14/civilian-death-toll/

[5] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 14 June 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/06/14/child-death-toll/

[6] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 1 January 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/01/01/civilian-death-toll-2020/

[7] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 1 January 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/01/01/child-death-toll-2020/

 

 

Appendix

 

 

 

Chart 1: Civilian Death Toll in Syria from March 2011 to June 2021  [4]

Chart 2: Child Death Toll in Syria from March 2011 to June 2021 [5]

 

Chart 3: Civilian Death Toll in Syria in 2020 [6]

 


 

Chart 4: Child Death Toll in Syria in 2020 [7]

 

시리아에서 민간인 살해, 누가 책임이 있나?

시리아인권네트워크 조사보고서가 보여주는 (2011 3~2021 6 기간)

 

미하엘 프뢰브스팅, 혁명적 공산주의인터내셔널 동맹 (RCIT) 국제서기, 2021 7 2, www.thecommunists.net

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시리아인권네트워크(SNHR) 시리아에서 전쟁과 탄압이 가져온 파괴적인 결과를 정기적으로 보고하는 비정부기구로서 신뢰성을 널리 인정받고 있는 단체다. 시리아인권네트워크는 매년 시리아 내전에서 발생한 끔찍한 민간인 사망자 (아동 포함) 관한 산정 결과를 발표한다. 전부터 우리는 시리아인권네트워크가 내놓은 중요한 조사결과들에 대해 이미 차례 보도한 있다.[1] 글에서는 시리아인권네트워크가 며칠 전에 발표한 최신 보고서의 결과를 요약 제시해 보겠다.

 

시리아인권네트워크 조사보고서에서 제시되어 있는 수치들은 다시 충격적인 사실들을 드러내주고 있다. 보고서에 따르면, 2011 3월부터 2021 6월까지 227781명의 민간인이 살해됐다. 중에는 29,520명의 아동이 있다. (아래 차트 참조)

 

이번 조사 결과는 누가 단연 민간인 살해의 장본인인지 보여준다. 아사드 정권과 동맹 이란 이슬람 율법가 정권이다. 그들이 기간에 살해한 민간인만 20117명으로, 이는 전체 민간인 사망자의 87.86% 해당한다. 여기에 러시아 공군에 의해 희생된 민간인 6867 (전체의 3.01%) 더하면 아사드 정권과 후견인 러시아-이란이 민간인 사망자 10 9명에 대해 책임이 있다는 것이 드러난다.

 

밖의 민간인 사망에 책임 있는 당사자들로, IS/다에시 (2.21%), 시리아국민군/야당연합(1.83%), 미군 주도 연합군(1.34%), 시리아민주군/민주동맹당 SDF/PYD (0.56%), 하야트 타리르 알샴 HTS (0.22%) 순이다. 나머지는 "기타 당사자들" 의해 살해되었는데, 이는 누구에게 책임이 있는지 알지 못한다는 뜻이다.

 

아동 사망자에 대해서도 같은 그림이 나온다. 사망한 것으로 집계된 아동 29520 3/4 이상 (77.53%) 아사드와 이란 율법가 정권에 의해 살해됐으며 6.79% 러시아 공군의 폭격으로 살해됐다. 밖의 아동 사망에 책임 있는 당사자들로, 시리아국민군/야당연합 (3.36%), IS/다에시 (3.25%), 미군 주도 연합군 (3.13%), 시리아민주군/민주동맹당 (0.79%), 하야트 타흐리르 알샴(0.24%) 순이다. 다음으로 기타 당사자들이다.

 

2020 해만 보면, 여기서도 대체로 비슷한 그림을 있다. 주요 차이점은 알려지지 않은 당사자들에 의해 살해된 사람들의 수가 훨씬 많다는 것이다. 한편 반동 세력 IS/다에시는 지난 년간 궤멸적인 패배로 인해 크게 약화되어 사망자 수에 대한 책임이 적어진다. 그러나 아사드 정권과 뒷배들에 의해 살해된 민간인 (아동 포함) 수와 밖의 당사자들에 의해 살해된 민간인 간의 극단적인 불균형은 그대로다. (아래 차트 참조)

 

수치들은 시리아에서 진짜 테러범이 누구인지 아주 분명하게 보여준다. 2011 3 시리아 혁명 시작 이래로 반동 스탈린주의자들과 카스트로-차베스주의자들은 영웅적인 시리아 반군을 "테러범" "지하드 "라고 비난해왔다. 그들이 이렇게 것은 후안무치하게도 아사드 정권과 러시아 제국주의에 대한 자신들의 지지를 정당화하기 위한 것이었다.[2] 그러나 시리아인권네트워크 보고서의 수치들이 보여주듯이, 거의 모든 민간인 (아동 포함) 학살한 것은 "지하드 " 아닌 아사드-푸틴-하메네이의 용병들이다!

 

 

 

민중 지지 없는 정권 () 민중 기반을 가진 혁명가들

 

그러나 끔찍한 사태의 이면에 있는 정치적 합리성을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 일차적으로 사태의 이유는 아사드-이란-러시아 세력이 연쇄살인범들로 가득해서가 아니다. 의심할 여지 없이, 아사드 정권의 대열에는 연쇄살인범들이 많이 있다. (그러나 복무를 강요당한 많은 무고한 젊은이들도 있다). 진영이 거의 모든 민간인 사망자 수에 책임이 있는 극심한 불균형의 주된 원인은 다름 아닌 전쟁의 구체적, 계급적 성격에 있다. 이것은 반동 진영 간의 내전이 아니다. 이것은 진영 (아사드-이란-러시아) 시리아 인민을 적으로 반동적인 공격 전쟁을 벌이고 있는 반면, 혁명가들이 인민을 방어하고 있는, 정당한 해방전쟁을 벌이고 있는, 그러한 성격의 내전이다.

 

아사드-이란-러시아 세력이 많은 무고한 민간인을 살해하기로 작정한 것은 인민대중이 반군을 지지하기 때문이다. 그래서 민간인을 무차별 학살함으로써 해방 세력의 지지 기반을 줘서 와해시키겠다는 계산이다. 반대로 시리아 혁명가들은 인민 대부분이 지지하기 때문에 의도적으로 민간인을 표적으로 삼을 이유가 없다. 물론 우리는 해방 세력의 일원이 이런저런 사건에서 범죄를 저질렀을 가능성을 배제할 없다. 그러나 민간인을 표적으로 하는 체계적인 정책 같은 것은 없다. 무엇보다도 일차적으로 무고한 여성, 남성, 아동을 학살하는 아사드 정권 도살자들과는 달리!

 

 

 

테러리스트 테러리스트

 

끝으로, 가지 주목할 . 첫째, 알려져 있듯이, 수년 전부터 하야트 타흐리르 알샴 (HTS) 운동은 러시아뿐만 아니라 서방 제국주의에 의해서도 테러 조직으로 지명되어 왔다. 결과, 서방의 러시아 좌파들은 "HTS"라는 이름만 들으면 몸서리를 친다. 이들 친러 좌파들은 시리아에 테러리스트가 있다면 그것은 이들리브에 있는 HTS라며 모두 입을 맞춘다.

 

언제나 RCIT 같은 반동적인 비방을 규탄해왔다.[3] 우리가 소부르주아 이슬람주의로 성격규정 하는 조직에 우리는 어떠한 정치적 지지도 보내지 않지만, 우리는 그들이 이들리브에서 현재 진행 중인 해방투쟁을 이끄는 지배적인 세력이 것을 인정한다. HTS 광범한 민중적 지지를 가리키고 있는 시리아인권네트워크의 보고서 수치들은 HTS 모든 당사자들 가장 낮은 민간인 사망 수에 책임이 있는 세력이라는 것을 아주 분명하게 보여준다. 아래 차트에서 보듯이, 미군의 보병대로 복무한 쿠르드 PYD/YPG 개량주의·중도주의 사이비 좌익들의 총애를 받고 있는 "지하드 " HTS보다 훨씬 많은 민간인 사망에 책임이 있다.

 

둘째, 미국 주도 국제연합군 IS (다에시) 거의 똑같은 수의 아동을 죽였다는 사실도 주목할 하다. 다시 말해, IS 테러리스트들과 싸우겠다고 시리아에 개입한 세력들보다 이들 IS 테러리스트가 많은 아동을 죽이지는 않았다. 이는 IS 미국 주도 연합군보다 시리아에서 오랜 기간 활동했다는 점에서 더더욱 주목해야 일이다. 알다시피, "테러" 제국주의 "테러와의 전쟁" 종종 별로 다르지 않다!

 

시리아와 세계의 모든 사회주의 세력, 진보적 노동운동 세력은 영예로운 시리아 혁명에 대한 지지를 이어가야 한다는 점을 다시 강조한다. RCIT 비슷한 생각을 가진 모든 단체와 활동가들에게 정의로운 목표를 위해 힘을 합쳐 싸울 것을 촉구한다!

 

 

 

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RCIT 시리아 혁명에 관한 여러 소책자와 성명, 논설을 발표했다. 다음의 우리 웹사이트 상의 별도 하위 섹션에서 이것들을 있다. https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/collection-of-articles-on-the-syrian-revolution/. 특히 독자들에게 RCIT 다음의 호소문 일독을 권한다. Save the Syrian Revolution!. https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/call-save-the-syrian-revolution/. [<시리아 혁명을 구하라!> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/save-the-syrian-revolution/]

 

 

 

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[1] Michael Pröbsting: Syria: Who is Responsible for the Civilian Death Toll from March 2011 to September 2018? A Revealing Statistic Shows Who are the Real Terrorists in the Syrian Civil War, 10.10.2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/syria-who-is-responsible-for-the-civilian-death-toll-from-march-2011-to-september-2018/

 

[2] RCIT 시리아 혁명에 대한 이른바 좌익의 접근태도를 다룬 여러 문서를 발표했다. 다음 팜플렛을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: Is the Syrian Revolution at its End? Is Third Camp Abstentionism Justified? An essay on the organs of popular power in the liberated area of Syria, on the character of the different sectors of the Syrian rebels, and on the failure of those leftists who deserted the Syrian Revolution, 5 April 2017, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/syrian-revolution-not-dead/ [<시리아 혁명: 민중항쟁이 내전으로 전화되면서 무슨 일이 일어났나?> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/pamphlet-is-the-syrian-revolution-at-its-end/; Syria and Great Power Rivalry: The Failure of the „Left“. The bleeding Syrian Revolution and the recent Escalation of Inter-Imperialist Rivalry between the US and Russia A Marxist Critique of Social Democracy, Stalinism and Centrism, 21 April 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/syria-great-power-rivalry-and-the-failure-of-the-left/. 같은 저자의 다음 기사도 보라. Assad’s “Socialist“ Friends. A commentary on a shameful statement of U.S. “anti-war” groups, 26 April 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/assad-s-socialist-friends/ [<아사드의 사회주의자 벗들> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/assad-s-socialist-friends/]; Stalinism: Assad’s Best Friends Forever. A commentary on a joint international initiative of Stalinist parties, 3 July 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/stalinism-is-assad-s-best-friends-forever/

 

[3] HTS 대한 우리의 성격규정으로는, 다음을 보라. RCIT: Denounce the US terror listing of Syria’s Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham! The Trump Administration delivers another blow to the Syrian Revolution. Continue the Solidarity with the liberation struggle of the Syrian people! 03.06.2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/denounce-the-us-terror-listing-of-syria-s-hts/; Michael Pröbsting: Is the Syrian Revolution at its End? Is Third Camp Abstentionism Justified? An essay on the organs of popular power in the liberated area of Syria, on the character of the different sectors of the Syrian rebels, and on the failure of those leftists who deserted the Syrian Revolution, 5 April 2017, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/syrian-revolution-not-dead/; Michael Pröbsting: World Perspectives 2018: A World Pregnant with Wars and Popular Uprisings, February 2018, Chapter V, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/worldperspectives-2018/chapter-v/.

 

[4] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 14 June 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/06/14/civilian-death-toll/

 

[5] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 14 June 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/06/14/child-death-toll/

 

[6] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 1 January 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/01/01/civilian-death-toll-2020/

 

[7] Syrian Network for Human Rights, 1 January 2021, https://sn4hr.org/blog/2021/01/01/child-death-toll-2020/