[가자 전쟁] 후안무치하게도 좌파 일각에서 “이스라엘의 자결권”을 지지하다
Gaza-Krieg: Schändlicherweise unterstützen manche Linke „Israels Recht auf Selbstbestimmung“
A critique of the ISA’s and CWI’s adaptation to Zionism and social-pacifism
By Michael Pröbsting, Revolutionary Communist International Tendency (RCIT), 25 October 2023, www.thecommunists.net
Major events in world politics are always a crucial test which proves the program and the principles of every socialist organisation. This was the case with the Ukraine War, and this is the case with Israel’s current war against the Palestinian people in Gaza.
The RCIT and other authentic socialists have defended the Ukrainian people against the invasion of Russian imperialism [1] and support today the Palestinian brother and sisters against the barbarous attack by the Zionist state. We take such a stance because we always side with the oppressed against the oppressor, with the semi-colony against the imperialist state, with the oppressed nation against the oppressor nation.
Such a stance means for us as Marxists that we unconditionally support the struggle of the resistance forces of the oppressed (in these cases the Ukrainian army resp. Hamas and other Palestinian resistance factions) without lending political support to the leadership of these forces. Concretely, as revolutionary socialists we oppose the (petty-)bourgeois nationalist or Islamist politics of Zelensky resp. of the Hamas leadership.
The ISA and the CWI – two organisations which stand in the opportunist tradition of Ted Grant but split in 2019 – take a different position both in the Ukraine War as well as the Gaza War. In the former conflict, they advocate a neutral, i.e. a reactionary abstentionist, position and denounce the conflict as a “proxy war”. [2]
Equating Hamas with Israel
In the Gaza War, both organisations effectively take a social-pacifist and pro-Zionist position. [3] They oppose the war but refuse to support the Palestinian resistance in the current war. The ISA – which has a section in Israel – shamefully equate Hamas and Israel. “Hamas is a right-wing pro-capitalist force which has functioned as the ruling party in Gaza over the past 17 years. It plays the role of police in suppressing workers’ strikes and women and LGBTQ rights. We should not confuse Hamas for the Palestinian masses. Hamas is inherently an anti-worker organization.”
Consequently, they express their solidarity with “all victims”, i.e. both with the victims of the oppressed nation as well as those of the oppressor nation! “The Socialist Struggle Movement (ISA in Israel-Palestine) stands in solidarity with ordinary people, with the relatives of those killed and with the wounded from all communities, on both sides of the fence, and with the abducted civilians.” (Another quote: “We stand in solidarity with all victims of war and terror, and join those who are standing up and fighting back.”)
The CWI effectively takes the same position as their former comrades. “Socialists, however, can give no support to Hamas and Hezbollah, parties which are based on right-wing political Islam. They are against workers’ rights, LGBTQ+ rights and equality for women; and their military strategies won’t bring about liberation for the Palestinians, decent living standards for them, or an end to the conflict – none of which are possible under capitalism. Rather, the way forward for the Palestinians will be through democratically organising mass struggle – a socialist intifada – based on the interests of workers and the poor, independent of those of the rich elites.”
Deserting the struggle of the oppressed
Such an equation of Hamas with Israel is thoroughly shameful. True, Hamas is “pro-capitalist”. But how many struggle of oppressed nations have taken place in the past decades with a leadership which has not been “pro-capitalist”?! As long as revolutionary forces are not strong enough to take the leadership of the masses, such national liberation struggles will usually be led by “pro-capitalist” forces. But how on earth could this mean that socialists should not side with the struggles of the masses as they take place (i.e. under a non-revolutionary leadership) in Palestine, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Burma/Myanmar, Ukraine, Chechnya etc.?!
Is it not also true that most workers struggles are led by the trade union bureaucracy which is obviously also “pro-capitalist”. Does this give socialists the right to desert the class struggle just because the workers have not put the right leadership in place yet?! Only reactionaries could take such a stance! Or do the leaderships of the ISA and the CWI ignore Trotsky’s statement that the national struggle is a form of class struggle? “The sectarian simply ignores the fact that the national struggle, one of the most labyrinthine and complex but at the same time extremely important forms of the class struggle, cannot be suspended by bare references to the future world revolution.” [4]
Revolutionaries can only gain influence amongst the masses if they do not stand aside of a just struggle but participate in it on the basis of the united front tactics. Such a stance has to be combined with explaining the shortcomings of the non-revolutionary leadership to the masses. Effectively, the ISA/CWI’s approach is a justification for refusing to support just wars of the oppressed (something which all organisations in the tradition of Ted Grant have done repeatedly starting from the Malvinas War in 1982). [5] This is nothing but desertion of the class struggle!
In contrast to these centrist cowards, the RCIT and our comrades in Israel / Occupied Palestine take a principled anti-imperialist stance: “Support the Heroic Palestinian Resistance! Defeat Israel!” [6] and “Victory for Hamas and the Arab masses! Down with the Zionist apartheid regime!” [7] We have repeatedly stated our opposition to the program and methods of Hamas. But we also reject the reactionary imperialist denunciation of the imperialist powers and media to call Hamas a “terrorist organization” and to deny the fact that it is the leading force of the Palestinian resistance. [8] The crude form of the ISA’s and CWI’s denunciation of Hamas is a pale imitation of this imperialist propaganda.
The method of neo-imperialist economism
The ISA’s and CWI’s failure to take the side of the Palestinian resistance is rooted in their refusal of the Marxist understanding of imperialism and the program to fight national and imperialist oppression. We have elaborated our critique on Grant’s method in much detail in a special pamphlet in which we characterised their method as “neo-imperialist economism”. [9]
In the case of Palestine, such an approach is particularly shameful as this is not a “normal” conflict between two nations but a peculiar one. Israel has always been a settler-colonialist state which exists – and can only exist – on the basis of the expulsion of the native population, the Palestinians. However, ISA and CWI completely ignore this fact and advocate a “socialist” two-state solution.
Hence, they “recognise the national rights of the Israeli people for their own state.“ [10] In other word, both the victims of oppression as well as those gaining from such have the same “rights”. The consequence is the CWI/ISA’s advocacy of a two-state solution. “The Maavak Sozialisti comrades also support the right of Palestinians to self-determination, and advocate an independent, socialist Palestine, alongside a socialist Israel, as part of a socialist confederation of the region.” [11]
In the current situation, the ISA advocates this position in a somehow diluted form (certainly influenced by the fact that such a position is highly unpopular among the Palestinian and Arab masses). “For a mass struggle on both sides of the green lines for a ceasefire, rehabilitation of communities on both sides of the fence and for a root solution, on the basis of ensured rights to exist, self determination and a life in dignity in the framework of a struggle for socialist change in the region.”
Hence, the ISA and the CWI put the “right of self-determination” of the oppressed nation on the same level as the “right of self-determination” of the oppressor nation. Effectively, this means the denial of the right of return of millions of Palestinian refugees to their homeland. Based on such a shameful position of “socialist” adaptation to Zionism, it is not surprising that the ISA and CWI refuse to support the Palestinian resistance forces in their struggle against the Israeli Apartheid state!
The approach of the RCIT and our comrades in Israel / Occupied Palestine is very different. As we stated in a recently published document, we advocate “a socialist revolution of the working class and the oppressed masses in the Middle East. We stand for the destruction of the Zionist state, the unconditional right to return of the Palestinian refugees and the establishment of a single Palestinian state from the River to the Sea which shall be a democratic and secular workers and poor peasant republic as part of a socialist federation of the whole region. In such a state, Jews will be a minority with full religious and cultural rights. Likewise, such a strategy aims at the overthrow of the Arab and Persian rulers by the popular masses.” [12]
[1] We refer readers to a special page on our website where more than 160 RCIT documents on the Ukraine War and the current NATO-Russia conflict are compiled: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/compilation-of-documents-on-nato-russia-conflict/. In particular we refer to the RCIT Manifesto: Ukraine War: A Turning Point of World Historic Significance. Socialists must combine the revolutionary defense of the Ukraine against Putin’s invasion with the internationalist struggle against Russian as well as NATO and EU imperialism, 1 March 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/manifesto-ukraine-war-a-turning-point-of-world-historic-significance/; see also: Manifesto on the First Anniversary of the Ukraine War. Victory to the heroic Ukrainian people! Defeat Russian imperialism! No support whatsoever for NATO imperialism! 10 February 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/manifesto-on-first-anniversary-of-ukraine-war/.
[2] For our latest article on the ISA’s position on the Ukraine War see Michael Pröbsting Ukraine War: Beating the Dummy. A commentary on a hidden polemic of the ISA against its internal critics, 27 February 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/ukraine-war-beating-the-dummy/
[3] See the following documents from the ISA: Amid Normalization of Occupation and Siege, New War Erupts, 9 October 2023, https://internationalsocialist.net/en/2023/10/israel-palestine; Stop the Onslaught on Gaza, 21 October 2023, https://internationalsocialist.net/en/2023/10/israel-palestine-2; “The Middle East is on the Brink of Falling Into the Abyss” — The Gaza War Enters Its Third Week, 23 October 2023 https://internationalsocialist.net/en/2023/10/israel-palestine-4; from the CWI: Stop the Israel-Gaza war! For workers’ unity and struggle against national conflict and oppression, 9 October 2023, https://www.socialistworld.net/2023/10/09/stop-the-israel-gaza-war-for-workers-unity-and-struggle-against-national-conflict-and-oppression/. All quotes in this article are from these documents if not stated otherwise.
[4] Leon Trotsky: Independence of the Ukraine and Sectarian Muddleheads (July 1939), in: Writings 1939-40, p. 50, online: https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1939/07/ukraine.htm
[5] See on this also Michael Pröbsting: The Struggle of Revolutionaries in Imperialist Heartlands against Wars of their “Own” Ruling Class. Examples from the history of the RCIT and its predecessor organisation in the last four decades, 2 September 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-struggle-of-revolutionaries-in-imperialist-heartlands-against-wars-of-their-own-ruling-class/
[6] We refer readers to a special page on our website where the RCIT documents on the 2023 Gaza War are compiled: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/compilation-of-articles-on-the-gaza-uprising-2023/. In particular we refer to the first RCIT statement which has been published in 11 languages: “This is the Time to Expel the Occupiers!”, 7 October 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/fifth-gaza-war-support-the-heroic-palestinian-resistance/
[7] Yossi Schwartz: More News from the War, 9.10.2023, https://the-isleague.com/more-news-from-the-war/
[8] See e.g. Michael Pröbsting: Is Hamas a Terrorist Organisation? 20 October 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/is-hamas-a-terrorist-organisation/
[9] See on this e.g. the pamphlet by Michael Pröbsting: The Poverty of Neo-Imperialist Economism. Imperialism and the national question - a critique of Ted Grant and his school (CWI, ISA, IMT), January 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/grantism-imperialism-and-national-question/
[10] Peter Taaffe: What’s Left? – not Nick Cohen! 08/03/2007, https://www.socialistparty.org.uk/articles/2154/08-03-2007/what-s-leftnot-nick-cohen/
[11] Peter Taaffe: A socialist World is possible - the history of the CWI, CWI Publications & Socialist Books, London 2004, p. 86, https://internationalsocialist.net/en/pdf/docs/CWI_History2004.pdf
[12] Michael Pröbsting: Gaza Uprising: Another Turning Point in the World Situation. Thoughts on Israel’s war against the Palestinian people and its possible regional and global consequences, 11 October 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/gaza-war-and-consequences-for-world-situation/
Una crítica a la adaptación de la ISA y el CWI al sionismo y al socialpacifismo
Por Michael Pröbsting, Corriente Comunista Revolucionaria Internacional (CCRI), 25 de octubre de 2023, www.thecommunists.net
Los grandes acontecimientos de la política mundial son siempre una prueba decisiva que demuestra el programa y los principios de toda organización socialista. Este fue el caso de la guerra de Ucrania, y este es el caso de la actual guerra de Israel contra el pueblo palestino en Gaza.
La CCRI y otros socialistas auténticos han defendido al pueblo ucraniano contra la invasión del imperialismo ruso [1] y hoy apoyan a los hermanos y hermanas palestinos contra el bárbaro ataque del Estado sionista. Adoptamos esa postura porque siempre estamos del lado de los oprimidos contra el opresor, de la semicolonia contra el Estado imperialista, de la nación oprimida contra la nación opresora.
Tal postura significa para nosotros, como marxistas, que apoyamos incondicionalmente la lucha de las fuerzas de resistencia de los oprimidos (en estos casos, el ejército ucraniano, así como Hamás y otras facciones de la resistencia palestina) sin prestar apoyo político a los líderes de estas fuerzas. Concretamente, como socialistas revolucionarios nos oponemos a la política nacionalista (pequeño)burguesa o islamista de Zelensky, respectivamente. de los dirigentes de Hamás.
La ISA y el CWI –dos organizaciones que siguen la tradición oportunista de Ted Grant pero que se separaron en 2019– adoptan una posición diferente tanto en la guerra de Ucrania como en la guerra de Gaza. En el primer conflicto, defienden una posición neutral, es decir, abstencionista y reaccionaria, y denuncian el conflicto como una “guerra subsidiaria”. [2]
Equiparando a Hamás con Israel
En la guerra de Gaza, ambas organizaciones adoptan efectivamente una posición socialpacifista y prosionista. [3] Se oponen a la guerra, pero se niegan a apoyar la resistencia palestina en la guerra actual. La ISA –que tiene una sección en Israel– equipara vergonzosamente a Hamás e Israel. “Hamás es una fuerza procapitalista de derecha que ha funcionado como partido gobernante en Gaza durante los últimos 17 años. Desempeña el papel de policía en la represión de las huelgas de trabajadores y de los derechos de las mujeres y LGBTQ. No debemos confundir a Hamás con las masas palestinas. Hamás es inherentemente una organización anti-trabajadores”.
En consecuencia, expresan su solidaridad con “todas las víctimas”, es decir, ¡tanto con las víctimas de la nación oprimida como con las de la nación opresora! “El Movimiento de Lucha Socialista (ISA en Israel-Palestina) se solidariza con la gente común, con los familiares de los asesinados y con los heridos de todas las comunidades, en ambos lados de la valla, y con los civiles secuestrados”. (Otra cita: “Nos solidarizamos con todas las víctimas de la guerra y el terrorismo, y nos unimos a quienes se levantan y contraatacan”).
El CWI efectivamente adopta la misma posición que sus antiguos camaradas. “Sin embargo, los socialistas no pueden dar ningún apoyo a Hamás y a Hezbolá, partidos que se basan en el islam político de derecha. Están en contra de los derechos de los trabajadores, los derechos LGBTQ+ y la igualdad de las mujeres; y sus estrategias militares no lograrán la liberación de los palestinos, ni un nivel de vida decente para ellos, ni el fin del conflicto, nada de lo cual es posible bajo el capitalismo. Más bien, el camino a seguir para los palestinos será a través de la organización democrática de una lucha de masas –una intifada socialista– basada en los intereses de los trabajadores y los pobres, independientemente de los de las elites ricas”.
Abandonar la lucha de los oprimidos
Semejante equiparación de Hamás con Israel es absolutamente vergonzosa. Es cierto que Hamás es “procapitalista”. ¡¿Pero cuántas luchas de naciones oprimidas han tenido lugar en las últimas décadas con una dirección que no ha sido “procapitalista”?! Mientras las fuerzas revolucionarias no sean lo suficientemente fuertes como para asumir el liderazgo de las masas, esas luchas de liberación nacional normalmente serán dirigidas por fuerzas “procapitalistas”. Pero, ¿cómo podría esto significar que los socialistas no deberían ponerse del lado de las luchas de las masas que tienen lugar (es decir, bajo una dirección no revolucionaria) en Palestina, Siria, Egipto, Sudán, Birmania/Myanmar, Ucrania, Chechenia, etc.?!
¿No es también cierto que la mayoría de las luchas obreras están dirigidas por la burocracia sindical que obviamente también es “procapitalista”? ¿Les da esto a los socialistas el derecho de abandonar la lucha de clases sólo porque los trabajadores aún no han establecido la dirección adecuada? ¡Sólo los reaccionarios podrían adoptar una postura así! ¿O las direcciones de la ISA y del CWI ignoran la afirmación de Trotsky de que la lucha nacional es una forma de lucha de clases? “El sectario simplemente ignora el hecho de que la lucha nacional, una de las formas de la lucha de clases más laberínticas y complejas, pero al mismo tiempo de extrema significación, no puede dejarse de lado con simples referencias a la futura revolución mundial”. [4]
Los revolucionarios sólo pueden ganar influencia entre las masas si no se mantienen al margen de una lucha justa, sino que participan en ella sobre la base de la táctica del frente único. Esta postura debe combinarse con una explicación a las masas de las deficiencias de la dirección no revolucionaria. Efectivamente, el enfoque del ISA/CWI es una justificación para negarse a apoyar guerras justas de los oprimidos (algo que todas las organizaciones en la tradición de Ted Grant han hecho repetidamente a partir de la Guerra de Malvinas en 1982). [5] ¡Esto no es más que abandono de la lucha de clases!
En contraste con estos cobardes centristas, la CCRI y nuestros camaradas en Israel/Palestina Ocupada adoptan una postura antiimperialista de principios: “¡Apoyo a la heroica resistencia palestina! ¡Derrota a Israel!” [6] y “¡Victoria para Hamás y las masas árabes! ¡Abajo el régimen del apartheid sionista!” [7] Hemos manifestado repetidamente nuestra oposición al programa y los métodos de Hamás. Pero también rechazamos la denuncia imperialista reaccionaria de las potencias y los medios imperialistas de llamar a Hamás una “organización terrorista” y negar el hecho de que es la fuerza líder de la resistencia palestina. [8] La forma cruda de la denuncia de Hamás por parte de la ISA y el CWI es una pálida imitación de esta propaganda imperialista.
El método del economicismo neoimperialista
La imposibilidad de la ISA y el CWI a la hora de ponerse del lado de la resistencia palestina tiene sus raíces en su rechazo de la comprensión marxista del imperialismo y del programa para luchar contra la opresión nacional e imperialista. Hemos elaborado nuestra crítica al método de Grant con mucho detalle en un folleto especial en el que caracterizamos su método como “economismo neoimperialista”. [9]
En el caso de Palestina, tal enfoque es particularmente vergonzoso ya que no se trata de un conflicto “normal” entre dos naciones, sino uno peculiar. Israel siempre ha sido un Estado colonialista que existe –y sólo puede existir– sobre la base de la expulsión de la población nativa, los palestinos. Sin embargo, la ISA y el CWI ignoran por completo este hecho y abogan por una solución “socialista” de dos Estados.
Por lo tanto, "reconocen los derechos nacionales del pueblo israelí para su propio Estado". [10] En otras palabras, tanto las víctimas de la opresión como aquellos que se benefician de ella tienen los mismos "derechos". La consecuencia es la defensa por parte del CWI/ISA de una solución de dos Estados. “Los camaradas del Maavak Sozialisti también apoyan el derecho de los palestinos a la autodeterminación y abogan por una Palestina socialista e independiente, junto con un Israel socialista, como parte de una confederación socialista de la región”. [11]
En la situación actual, la ISA defiende esta posición de una forma algo diluida (sin duda influenciada por el hecho de que tal posición es muy impopular entre las masas palestinas y árabes). “Por una lucha de masas a ambos lados de las líneas verdes por un alto el fuego, la rehabilitación de las comunidades a ambos lados de la valla y por una solución de raíz, sobre la base de derechos garantizados a existir, la autodeterminación y una vida digna en el marco de una lucha por el cambio socialista en la región”.
Por lo tanto, la ISA y el CWI ponen el “derecho a la autodeterminación” de la nación oprimida al mismo nivel que el “derecho a la autodeterminación” de la nación opresora. En la práctica, esto significa negar el derecho de retorno de millones de refugiados palestinos a su patria. Basándose en una posición tan vergonzosa de adaptación “socialista” al sionismo, ¡no es sorprendente que la ISA y el CWI se nieguen a apoyar a las fuerzas de resistencia palestinas en su lucha contra el Estado de Apartheid israelí!
El enfoque de la CCRI y de nuestros camaradas en Israel/Palestina ocupada es muy diferente. Como afirmamos en un documento publicado recientemente, abogamos por “una revolución socialista de la clase trabajadora y las masas oprimidas en el Medio Oriente. Defendemos la destrucción del Estado sionista, el derecho incondicional al retorno de los refugiados palestinos y el establecimiento de un Estado palestino único desde el río hasta el mar, que será una república democrática y secular de trabajadores y campesinos pobres como parte de una república socialista. federación de toda la región. En tal estado, los judíos serán una minoría con plenos derechos religiosos y culturales. Asimismo, tal estrategia apunta al derrocamiento de los gobernantes árabes y persas por parte de las masas populares”. [12]
[1] Remitimos a los lectores a una página especial en nuestro sitio web donde se compilan más de 160 documentos de la CCRI sobre la guerra de Ucrania y el actual conflicto OTAN-Rusia: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/compilation-of-documents-on-nato-russia-conflict/. En particular, nos referimos al Manifiesto de la CCRI: Guerra de Ucrania: un punto de inflexión de importancia histórica mundial. Los socialistas deben combinar la defensa revolucionaria de Ucrania contra la invasión de Putin con la lucha internacionalista contra el imperialismo ruso, la OTAN y la UE, 1 de marzo de 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/manifesto-ukraine-war-a-turning-point-of-world-historic-significance/#anker_3; ver también: Manifiesto en el Primer Aniversario de la Guerra de Ucrania. ¡Victoria al heroico pueblo ucraniano! ¡Derrotar al imperialismo ruso! ¡Ningún apoyo al imperialismo de la OTAN!, 10 de febrero de 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/manifesto-on-first-anniversary-of-ukraine-war/#anker_4
[2] Para nuestro último artículo sobre la posición de la ISA sobre la guerra de Ucrania, consulte Michael Pröbsting Ukraine War: Beating the Dummy. A commentary on a hidden polemic of the ISA against its internal critics, 27 de febrero de 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/ukraine-war-beating-the-dummy/.
[3] Consulte los siguientes documentos de la ISA: Israel-Palestina: En medio de la normalización de la ocupación y el asedio, estalla una nueva guerra, 13 octubre, 2023, https://alternativasocialista.org/israel-palestina-en-medio-de-la-normalizacion-de-la-ocupacion-y-el-asedio-estalla-una-nueva-guerra/; Stop the Onslaught on Gaza, 21 October 2023, https://internationalsocialist.net/en/2023/10/israel-palestine-2; “The Middle East is on the Brink of Falling Into the Abyss” — The Gaza War Enters Its Third Week, 23 October 2023 https://internationalsocialist.net/en/2023/10/israel-palestine-4; del CWI: Stop the Israel-Gaza war! For workers’ unity and struggle against national conflict and oppression, 9 October 2023, https://www.socialistworld.net/2023/10/09/stop-the-israel-gaza-war-for-workers-unity-and-struggle-against-national-conflict-and-oppression/. Todas las citas en este artículo provienen de estos documentos a menos que se indique lo contrario.
[4] León Trotsky: La independencia de Ucrania y el confusionismo sectario (1939), https://ceip.org.ar/La-independencia-de-Ucrania-y-el-confusionismo-sectario
[5] Véase también sobre esto Michael Pröbsting: La lucha de los revolucionarios en el corazón imperialista contra las guerras de su “propia” clase dominante. Ejemplos de la historia de la CCRI y su organización predecesora en las últimas cuatro décadas, 2 de septiembre de 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-struggle-of-revolutionaries-in-imperialist-heartlands-against-wars-of-their-own-ruling-class/#anker_1
[6] Remitimos a los lectores a una página especial en nuestro sitio web donde se compilan los documentos de la CCRI sobre la Guerra de Gaza de 2023: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/compilation-of-articles-on-the-gaza-uprising-2023/; en particular, nos referimos a la primera declaración de la CCRI que se publicó en 11 idiomas: “¡Los y las socialistas estamos junto al pueblo palestino contra el Estado Sionista de Israel!”, 7 de octubre de 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/fifth-gaza-war-support-the-heroic-palestinian-resistance/#anker_1
[7] Yossi Schwartz: More News from the War, 9.10.2023, https://the-isleague.com/more-news-from-the-war/
[8] Ver, por ejemplo: Michael Pröbsting: ¿Es Hamás una organización terrorista?, 20 de octubre de 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/is-hamas-a-terrorist-organisation/#anker_2
[9] Ver, por ejemplo, el folleto de Michael Pröbsting: The Poverty of Neo-Imperialist Economism. Imperialism and the national question - a critique of Ted Grant and his school (CWI, ISA, IMT), January 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/grantism-imperialism-and-national-question/
[10] Peter Taaffe: What’s Left? – not Nick Cohen! 08/03/2007, https://www.socialistparty.org.uk/articles/2154/08-03-2007/what-s-leftnot-nick-cohen/
[11] Peter Taaffe: A socialist World is possible - the history of the CWI, CWI Publications & Socialist Books, London 2004, p. 86, https://internationalsocialist.net/en/pdf/docs/CWI_History2004.pdf
[12] Michael Pröbsting: Levantamiento de Gaza: otro punto de inflexión en la situación mundial. Reflexiones sobre la guerra de Israel contra el pueblo palestino y sus posibles consecuencias regionales y globales, 11 de octubre de 2023, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/africa-and-middle-east/gaza-war-and-consequences-for-world-situation/#anker_1
ISA/CWI의 시온주의 영합 및 사회평화주의 비판
미하엘 프뢰브스팅, 혁명적 공산주의인터내셔널 동맹 (RCIT) 국제서기, 2023년 10월 25일, www.thecommunists.net
언제나 세계정치의 대 사건들은 사회주의 조직들의 강령과 노선을 검증하는 결정적인 시험대다. 우크라이나 전쟁이 그랬고 현 가자 전쟁도, 즉 이스라엘이 현재 가자지구에서 팔레스타인 인민을 상대로 벌이고 있는 전쟁도 그러하다.
RCIT을 비롯한 진정한 사회주의자들은 러시아 제국주의의 침략에 맞서 우크라이나 인민을 방어해 왔고[1], 오늘 시온주의 국가의 야만적인 공격에 맞서 팔레스타인 형제자매들을 지지한다. 우리가 그러한 입장을 취하는 이유는 언제나 우리는 억압자에 맞서 피억압자의 편을, 제국주의 국가에 맞서 반식민지의 편을, 억압 민족에 맞서 피억압 민족의 편을 들기 때문이다.
이는 맑스주의자로서 우리가 피억압자 측 저항세력 (이 경우에는 우크라이나 군대, 그리고 하마스를 위시한 팔레스타인 저항군 정파들)의 투쟁을 무조건적으로 지지한다는 뜻이다. 지도부가 누구냐에 관계없이 그 투쟁을 무조건 지지한다. 지도부에게 정치적 지지를 주지 않고 그렇게 한다. 구체적으로, 혁명적 사회주의자로서 우리는 젤렌스키나 하마스 지도부의 부르주아 민족주의/이슬람주의 정치에 반대한다.
혁명적 사회주의를 자임하지만 기회주의 전통에 같은 뿌리를 두고 있는 두 조직 ISA(국제사회주의대안)와 CWI(노동자인터내셔널위원회)는 우크라이나 전쟁과 가자 전쟁에서 모두 이와는 다른 입장을 취하고 있다. 우크라이나 전쟁에서 그들은 중립 입장, 즉 반동적 기권주의 입장을 제창하며 우크라이나 인민의 민족방위 전쟁을 "대리전쟁"이라고 비난한다.[2]
하마스나 이스라엘이나 도긴개긴?
가자 전쟁에서 두 조직 모두 사실상 사회평화주의 · 친시온주의 입장을 취하고 있다.[3] 그들은 전쟁에 반대하지만 현 전쟁에서 팔레스타인의 항전을 지지하기는 거부한다. 이스라엘에 지부를 두고 있는 ISA는 하마스와 시온주의 이스라엘 국가를 별반 다를 바 없는 세력이라며 퉁 쳐버린다. "하마스는 우파 친자본주의 세력으로 지난 17년 동안 가자의 집권당으로 기능해왔다. 하마스는 노동자들의 파업을 탄압하고 여성, 성소수자 권리를 억압하는 경찰의 역할을 한다. 우리는 하마스를 팔레스타인 대중과 혼동해서는 안 된다. 하마스는 본질적으로 반노동자 조직이다."
그리하여 ISA는 “모든 희생자들”과의 연대를. 즉 피억압 민족의 희생자뿐만 아니라 억압 민족의 희생자와의 연대를 표한다. "ISA 이스라엘-팔레스타인 지부는 평범한 사람들과 연대한다. 울타리 양쪽 사망자의 친척 및 모든 지역공동체의 부상자들과 연대한다. 그리고 납치된 민간인들과 연대한다." (또 다른 인용구: "우리는 전쟁과 테러의 모든 희생자와 연대하고, 일어서 맞서 싸우고 있는 사람들과 함께 한다").
CWI도 사실상 같은 입장을 취한다. “사회주의자들은 하마스와 헤즈볼라 등 우파 정치적 이슬람에 기반을 둔 당들에 지지를 줄 수 없다. 그들은 노동자의 권리와 성소수자 권리 그리고 여성 평등에 반대한다. 그리고 그들의 군사 전략은 팔레스타인인들에게 해방도, 인간다운 생활수준도, 분쟁의 종식도 가져오지 않을 것이다. 이 중 어느 것도 자본주의 하에서는 가능하지 않다. 팔레스타인인들에게 전진하는 길은 부유한 엘리트들의 이익과는 독립적으로 노동자들과 가난한 사람들의 이익에 기반을 둔 대중투쟁 – 사회주의 인티파다 – 을 민주적으로 조직하는 것을 통해서 열릴 것이다.”
피억압자의 투쟁을 버리는 패로 취급하다
하마스와 이스라엘을 이와 같이 도긴개긴 이라며 퉁 치는 것은 실로 후안무치한 짓이다. 하마스가 "친자본주의적"이라는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 지난 수십 년 피억압 민족들의 투쟁 중 지도부가 "친자본주의적"이지 않은 투쟁이 얼마나 있었는가? 혁명적 세력이 대중의 투쟁 지도부를 떠안을 만큼 충분히 강하지 않은 한, 그러한 민족해방 투쟁은 보통 "친자본주의적" 세력들에 의해 이끌릴 것이다. 그러나 이렇다고 해서 어떻게 사회주의자들이 대중의 투쟁을 편 들지 말아야 한다는 이야기가 가능한가?! 팔레스타인, 시리아, 이집트, 수단, 미얀마, 우크라이나, 체첸 등에서 (즉, 비 혁명적 지도부 하에서) 일어나고 있는 바와 같은 대중의 투쟁에 대해 버리는 패로 취급하는 논리가 어떻게 사회주의자에게서 가능한가?!
현재 대부분의 노동자 투쟁이 못지않게 "친자본주의적"인 노동조합 상층 관료에 의해