Russia Overtakes Japan to Become Fourth Largest Economy in the World

By Michael Pröbsting, Revolutionary Communist International Tendency (RCIT), 5 July 2024, www.thecommunists.net

 

 

 

According to recently revised data from the World Bank, Russia’s economy has overtaken Japan to become the fourth largest in the world in PPP terms (Purchase Power Parity). [1]

 

In fact, it did already do so in 2021 but the World Bank recognised this only now because previous calculations were based on 2017 data. [2] Russia did already overtake Germany last year to become the fifth biggest economy in adjusted terms. [3]

 

Ben Aris from bne IntelliNews, a news wire agency which is partner to major Western media corporations like Bloomberg or Reuters, points out: “Even the World Bank’s PPP adjusted size of the economy may be an underestimate. The World Bank also estimates that 39% of Russia’s economy is in the shadows, while the shadow economy only makes up 10% of Japan’s economy, which would add an additional $2.5 trillion to Russia’s $6.4 trillion PPP adjusted economic size – still not enough to overtake India’s $14.6 trillion PPP adjusted GDP value, but widening the gap with Japan further.[4]

 

There is no reason to suspect these figures since it is hardly necessary to emphasise that the World Bank is a global institution controlled by U.S. imperialism. Hence, it is definitely not a Putinista source which would be tempted to exaggerate Russia’s economic growth.

 

There are two important conclusions to be drawn from this development.

 

First, these figures demonstrate once more that Western sanctions have failed to seriously weaken Russia. When the U.S. and Western Europe imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia, after Putin started his reactionary invasion of the Ukraine, Western politicians claimed that these would force Putin to retreat. In March 2022, US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen declared with certainty that "the Russian economy will be devastated as a consequence of what we’ve already done." [5]

 

In fact, Russia’s economy grew by 3.6% in 2023 and this year the World Bank has already almost trebled its forecast for growth from 1.1% to 3.2%. Such growth rates are higher than in most Western imperialist countries.

 

Second, Russia economic advance, even under conditions of Western sanctions, confirms the analysis which the RCIT has advocated since a number of years: Russia has not a “weak economy”, it is not a “semi-colony” or a “sub-imperialism”. It is rather an imperialist Great Power in its own right – even if the U.S. and China remain the two strongest powers on the planet. It is one of that handful of powers which shapes global developments. [6]

 

Hence, socialists must not view Russia as a “lesser evil” or even an “anti-imperialist” force. It is an enemy of the workers and oppressed like all other imperialist powers. Socialists should therefore not support Russia (or any other Great Power) in inter-imperialist conflicts. And in conflicts, where the Kremlin attacks smaller countries and oppressed peoples – like in Chechnya, Syria or the Ukraine – socialists must defend the later.

 

The fundamental principle of working-class internationalism and anti-imperialism – with the oppressed people – always, with the imperialists – never! – remains valid also in the case of the Kremlin.

 



[1] See World Bank, GDP, PPP (current international $) - Russian Federation resp. Japan, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=RU and https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=JP

[2] Ben Aris: Russia overtakes Japan to become the fourth largest economy in the world in PPP terms, Intellinews, 4 June 2024, https://www.intellinews.com/russia-overtakes-japan-to-become-the-fourth-largest-economy-in-the-world-in-ppp-terms-328108/?source=russia

[3] Ben Aris: Leading emerging markets move rapidly up World Bank’s PPP GDP and FDI confidence rankings, 9

April 2024, https://www.intellinews.com/leading-emerging-markets-move-rapidly-up-world-bank-s-ppp-gdp-and-fdi-confidence-rankings-320163/

[4] Ben Aris: Russia overtakes Japan …

[5] CNN: Russia’s economy will be ‘devastated’ by sanctions and further sanctions are under consideration, Janet Yellen says, 10 March 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/10/economy/sanctions-russia-janet-yellen/index.html

[6] The RCIT has published numerous documents about capitalism in Russia and its rise to an imperialist power. The most important ones are several pamphlets by Michael Pröbsting: The Peculiar Features of Russian Imperialism. A Study of Russia’s Monopolies, Capital Export and Super-Exploitation in the Light of Marxist Theory, 10 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-peculiar-features-of-russian-imperialism/; by the same author: Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism and the Rise of Russia as a Great Power, August 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialism-theory-and-russia/; Russia as a Great Imperialist Power. The formation of Russian Monopoly Capital and its Empire, 18 March 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialist-russia/.

 

Россия обогнала Японию и стала четвертой по величине экономикой в мире

Михаэль Прёбстинг, Революционная коммунистическая интернациональная тенденция (RCIT), www.thecommunists.net

 

 

 

Согласно недавно пересмотренным данным Всемирного банка, экономика России обогнала Японию и стала четвертой по величине в мире по ППС (паритету покупательной способности). [1]

 

На самом деле, это уже произошло в 2021 году, но Всемирный банк признал это только сейчас, поскольку предыдущие расчеты основывались на данных 2017 года. [2] Россия уже обогнала Германию в прошлом году, став пятой по величине экономикой в скорректированном выражении. [3]

 

Бен Арис из bne IntelliNews , информационного агентства, которое является партнером крупных западных медиакорпораций, таких как Bloomberg или Reuters, отмечает: «Даже скорректированная по ППС оценка размера экономики Всемирного банка может быть заниженной. Всемирный банк также оценивает, что 39% экономики России находится в тени, в то время как теневая экономика составляет только 10% экономики Японии, что добавило бы дополнительные 2,5 триллиона долларов к скорректированному по ППС размеру экономики России в размере 6,4 триллиона долларов — этого все еще недостаточно, чтобы обогнать скорректированный по ППС ВВП Индии в размере 14,6 триллиона долларов, но еще больше увеличивает разрыв с Японией». [4]

 

Нет причин недоверять этим цифрам, поскольку едва ли нужно напоминать, что Всемирный банк является глобальным институтом, контролируемым империализмом США. Следовательно, это определенно не путинистский источник, который мог бы поддаться соблазну преувеличивать экономический рост России.

 

Из этого развития событий можно сделать два важных вывода:

 

Во-первых, эти цифры еще раз демонстрируют, что западные санкции не смогли серьезно ослабить Россию. Когда США и Западная Европа ввели беспрецедентные санкции против России после того, как Путин начал свое реакционное вторжение на территорию Украины, западные политики утверждали, что они заставят Путина отступить. В марте 2022 года министр финансов США Джанет Йеллен с уверенностью заявила, что «российская экономика будет опустошена в результате того, что мы уже сделали» . [5]

 

Фактически, экономика России выросла на 3,6% в 2023 году, а в этом году Всемирный банк уже почти утроил свой прогноз роста с 1,1% до 3,2%. Такие темпы роста выше, чем в большинстве западных империалистических стран.

 

Во-вторых, экономический прогресс России, даже в условиях западных санкций, подтверждает анализ, который RCIT пропагандирует уже много лет: у России не «слабая экономика», она не «полуколония» или «субимпериализм». Она, скорее, империалистическая Великая Держава сама по себе — даже если США и Китай остаются двумя сильнейшими державами на планете. Она входит в ту горстку держав, которые формируют мировые события. [6]

 

Следовательно, социалисты не должны рассматривать Россию как «меньшее зло» или же «антиимпериалистическую» силу. Она является врагом рабочих и угнетенных, как и все другие империалистические державы. Поэтому социалисты не должны поддерживать Россию (или любую другую великую державу) в межимпериалистических конфликтах. А в конфликтах, где Кремль нападает на меньшие страны и угнетенные народы — как в Чечне, Сирии или Украине — социалисты должны защищать последние.

 

Основной принцип рабочего интернационализма и антиимпериализма – с угнетенными – всегда, с империалистами – никогда! – остается в силе и в отношении Кремля!

 

 

 

[1] See World Bank, GDP, PPP (current international $) - Russian Federation resp. Japan, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=RU and https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=JP

 

[2] Ben Aris: Russia overtakes Japan to become the fourth largest economy in the world in PPP terms, Intellinews, 4 June 2024, https://www.intellinews.com/russia-overtakes-japan-to-become-the-fourth-largest-economy-in-the-world-in-ppp-terms-328108/?source=russia

 

[3] Ben Aris: Leading emerging markets move rapidly up World Bank’s PPP GDP and FDI confidence rankings, 9

 

April 2024, https://www.intellinews.com/leading-emerging-markets-move-rapidly-up-world-bank-s-ppp-gdp-and-fdi-confidence-rankings-320163/

 

[4] Ben Aris: Russia overtakes Japan …

 

[5] CNN: Russia’s economy will be ‘devastated’ by sanctions and further sanctions are under consideration, Janet Yellen says, 10 March 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/10/economy/sanctions-russia-janet-yellen/index.html

 

[6] The RCIT has published numerous documents about capitalism in Russia and its rise to an imperialist power. The most important ones are several pamphlets by Michael Pröbsting: The Peculiar Features of Russian Imperialism. A Study of Russia’s Monopolies, Capital Export and Super-Exploitation in the Light of Marxist Theory, 10 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-peculiar-features-of-russian-imperialism/; by the same author: Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism and the Rise of Russia as a Great Power, August 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialism-theory-and-russia/; Russia as a Great Imperialist Power. The formation of Russian Monopoly Capital and its Empire, 18 March 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialist-russia/.

 

 

 

러시아가 일본을 제치고 세계 4대 경제국이 되다

미하엘 프뢰브스팅, 혁명적 공산주의인터내셔널 동맹 (RCIT), 2024 7 5, www.thecommunists.net

 

 

 

최근 세계은행이 내놓은 자료에 따르면, 러시아 경제는 일본을 제치고 PPP(구매력평가지수) 기준 세계 4위가 되었다.[1]

 

사실은 2021년에 이미 이렇게 됐는데 세계은행이 이를 이제야 인지한 것이다. 앞서의 세계은행 평가 근거들이 2017 데이터를 기반으로 했기 때문이다.[2] 러시아는 이미 작년에 독일을 제치고 조정 기준으로는 5 경제국이 되었다.[3]

 

블룸버그나 로이터와 같은 주요 서방 언론사들의 협력 통신사 비엔이 인텔리뉴스의 아리스는 다음과 같이 지적한다. "세계은행의 PPP 조정 경제규모조차도 과소평가된 것일 있다. 세계은행은 일본의 그림자경제가 10% 불과한 비해 러시아는 39% 그림자경제라고 추정 평가한다. 이는 러시아의 PPP 조정 경제규모 6.4 달러에 2.5 달러가 추가되는 것인데, 여전히 인도의 PPP 조정 GDP 가치 14.6 달러를 따라잡기에는 충분하지 않지만, 일본과의 격차는 더욱 벌릴 것이다."[4]

 

세계은행이라는 것이 제국주의가 통제하는 글로벌 기관이라는 점을 굳이 강조할 필요가 없는 만큼 이들 수치를 의심할 이유는 없다. 러시아의 경제성장을 과장하고 싶은 유혹을 받을 푸틴주의 소식통은 확실히 아닐 테니 말이다.

 

이로부터 끌어낼 결론으로 가지 중요한 것이 있다.

 

첫째, 수치들은 서방의 제재가 러시아를 심각히 약화시키는 실패했음을 다시 보여준다. 푸틴이 우크라이나에 대한 반동적 침공을 시작한 미국과 서유럽이 러시아에 전례 없는 제재를 가했을 , 서방 정치인들은 이것이 푸틴을 후퇴하지 않을 없게 만들 것이라고 주장했다. 2022 3, 재무장관 재닛 옐런은 "우리가 이미 일의 결과로 러시아 경제가 황폐해질 "이라고 확신에 차서 선언했다.[5]

 

실제로는, 러시아 경제는 2023 3.6% 성장했고, 올해 세계은행은 이미 성장률 전망치를 1.1%에서 3.2% 거의 배로 늘렸다. 같은 성장률은 대부분의 서방 제국주의 나라들보다 높은 수준이다.

 

둘째, 서방의 제재를 받는 상황에서도 러시아의 경제 발전은 RCIT 다년간 제창해 평가분석을 확인시켜준다, 러시아는 "약한 경제" 아니고, "반식민지" "()제국주의" 아니다. 자체로 제국주의 강대국이다. 여전히 미국과 중국이 지구상에서 가장 강력한 강대국이라 하더라도, 러시아는 ·중과 함께 세계정세 흐름을 좌우하는 한줌의 열강 하나다.[6]

 

사회주의자가 러시아를 "차악"으로, 또는 "반제" 세력으로 봐서는 되는 이유다. 러시아는 ··서유럽·일본 모든 제국주의 열강들처럼 노동자·피억압자의 적이다. 그러므로 노동자계급은 제국주의 상호간의 충돌에서 러시아 (또는 다른 강대국) 지지해서는 된다. 그리고 러시아가 약소국 · 피억압인민 체첸, 시리아, 우크라이나와 같은 공격하는 그러한 충돌·분쟁에서 노동자계급은 후자의 민족 투쟁/ 민족 봉기/ 민족 전쟁을 방어해야 한다.

 

 

 

-----------------------------------

 

[1] World Bank, GDP, PPP (current international $) - Russian Federation resp. Japan, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=RU https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=JP

 

[2] Ben Aris: Russia overtakes Japan to become the fourth largest economy in the world in PPP terms, Intellinews, 4 June 2024, https://www.intellinews.com/russia-overtakes-japan-to-become-the-fourth-largest-economy-in-the-world-in-ppp-terms-328108/?source=russia

 

[3] Ben Aris: Leading emerging markets move rapidly up World Bank’s PPP GDP and FDI confidence rankings, 9 April 2024, https://www.intellinews.com/leading-emerging-markets-move-rapidly-up-world-bank-s-ppp-gdp-and-fdi-confidence-rankings-320163/

 

[4] Ben Aris: Russia overtakes Japan

 

[5] CNN: Russia’s economy will be ‘devastated’ by sanctions and further sanctions are under consideration, Janet Yellen says, 10 March 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/10/economy/sanctions-russia-janet-yellen/index.html

 

[6] 우리는 러시아 자본주의와 러시아의 제국주의 강대국 부상에 대한 많은 문서를 발표했다. 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: The Peculiar Features of Russian Imperialism. A Study of Russia’s Monopolies, Capital Export and Super-Exploitation in the Light of Marxist Theory, 10 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-peculiar-features-of-russian-imperialism/; 노동자혁명당(), <레닌 제국주의론 관점에서 러시아 제국주의의 특색>, 2021 10, https://blog.wrpkorea.org/2022/05/blog-post_61.html; Michael Pröbsting: Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism and the Rise of Russia as a Great Power. On the Understanding and Misunderstanding of Today’s Inter-Imperialist Rivalry in the Light of Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism. Another Reply to Our Critics Who Deny Russia’s Imperialist Character, August 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialism-theory-and-russia/; Russia as a Great Imperialist Power. The formation of Russian Monopoly Capital and its Empire A Reply to our Critics, 18 March 2014 ( 팜플렛에는 우리의 러시아 제국주의 성격규정을 처음으로 정립한 2001 문서가 포함되어 있다), http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialist-russia/; 같은 저자의 다음 논문들도 보라. 'Empire-ism' vs a Marxist analysis of imperialism: Continuing the debate with Argentinian economist Claudio Katz on Great Power rivalry, Russian imperialism and the Ukraine War, 3 March 2023, https://links.org.au/empire-ism-vs-marxist-analysis-imperialism-continuing-debate-argentinian-economist-claudio-katz; <러시아: 제국주의 열강인가, 반주변부 국가인가?

 

- 아르헨티나 경제학자 카츠 클라우디오 논문에 대한 답변>, 2022 8 11, https://blog.wrpkorea.org/2022/12/blog-post_11.html; Russian Imperialism and Its Monopolies, in: New Politics Vol. XVIII No. 4, Whole Number 72, Winter 2022, https://newpol.org/issue_post/russian-imperialism-and-its-monopolies/; Once Again on Russian Imperialism (Reply to Critics). A rebuttal of a theory which claims that Russia is not an imperialist state but would be rather “comparable to Brazil and Iran”, 30 March 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/once-again-on-russian-imperialism-reply-to-critics/. 문제에 관한 여러 다른 RCIT 문서들이 다음의 RCIT 웹사이트 상의 별도 하위 페이지에 있다. https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/.